The metallurgical plants use coal, coke, oil, gas, and electricity (generally coal based) to meet their needs for energy. The proportion of form of energy use depends on its availability in the particular area. Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elemehts, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. Metallurgy is used to separate metals from their ore. Metallurgy is also the technology of metals: the way in which science is applied to the production of metals, and the engineering of metal components for usage in products for consumers and manufacturers. The production of metals involves the processing of ores to extract the metal they contain, and the mixture of metals, sometimes with other elements, to produce alloys. Metallurgy is distinguished from the craft of metalworking, although metalworking relies on metallurgy, as medicine relies on medical science, for technical advancement. The science of metallurgy is subdivided into chemical metallurgy and physical metallurgy. While locating a metallurgical plant many factors have to be considered, such as availability of raw materials, power, labour etc in addition to economics and government regulations. It is becoming increasingly important to consider two other issues: energy efficiency (EE) and environmental pollution. The book is designed for scientists, metallurgists, engineers, quality control inspectors, professors and students alike.