This volume comprises of Research articles presented at first Global Summit of Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, Gloss-2008 during February 7-9, 2009. This volume critically examines various complex issues relating to Erosion of habitats Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) around the globe. Poor people in hill and Mountain Regions of South Asia and Africa not only resort to participatory conservation of medicinal Plant Biodiversity but also draw more than 50% of their livelihood from Maps and non-timber Forest produces. The existing policies, programmes and strategies adopted by different national governments relating to Natural resource management fail to address the challenges of continuous erosion in the livelihood of poor and indigenous people.