Nanotechnology is currently a new dynamically developing industry exceeding the impact of the industrial revolution. It is stil unexplored in the field of agriculture - the key mainstay of the progress of the socio-economic progress of our country. The word nano agriculture refers to the infusion of nanotechnology concepts and principles in agricultural sciences so as to develop processes and products that precisely deliver inputs and promote productivity without associated environmental harm. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the agricultural and food industry with new tools for the molecular treatment of diseases, rapid disease detection, enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients etc. Smart sensors and smart delivery systems will help the agricultural industry combat viruses and other crop pathogens. The agricultural systems have encountered various kinds of ecological and environmental problems due to the growing pressure of human population on the carrying capacity of land and the productivity. Hope, the book will help the students of the SAUS for further research in the farmers field, augmenting a golden future supplying foods to the hungry millions.