Annotation
Plant biotechnologies play akey role in the massive production of improvedcrop varieties (through in vitro tissue culture followed by clonal propagation),as wellas in their genetic improvement. They can also help in propagating plant spevies which contain useful and biologically active subsatances. eg., food additive, pigment, pharmaceuticats ,biopesticides,etc ,Organ tissue and cell culture could be more efficient than conventional extraction. Plant biotedhnology has its roots deepin human civilization but was established just acentury ago. Startinh outside the science mainstream o fhte time period,classical platechnology slowly but steadily grew inti a recognized discipline. The explosive growth o f biology reseach at the end of the twentieth century brought plant biotechnology to the fast track line.The field grew very rapidly and currently turned into a key tool for fundamental research and practical uses. Currently plant biotechnology has been essentially grown, and new disciplines as omics technolgies as genone editing have arisen which further intensify both fundamental and practical studies in biology and nake a bridge with other scientific areas as informatics, nanotechnology , and socalled digital and intelligent science. This book covers all important aspects of practical utility in field of genetic nanipulation by tissue culture nethods, protoplast technology and gene transfer methods for providing the students simple and reproducible protocols so that the practical utility in different areas of biotechnology should be fulfilled.
