"Understanding Vertebrates" has been written for those students interested in Careers in diverse Fields of Biological sciences. It provides a structured approach to learning by covering all the important Topics in a uniform, systematic format. The book has been comprehensively designed incorporating recent advances in this fast moving field. It also provides accessible information on Plant reproduction in compact form for undergraduate students in Biology and related life sciences. It is intelligible to the educated layman, though it deals with some Complex ideas. It is an adequate text for all the requirements of students in this area. In addition, busy lecturers who require a quick reference compendium will find it useful, particularly for tutional planning. Simple, yet hopefully clear figures and tables are provided throughout the book. The over-riding goal of this book, and indeed of the whole Understanding Series, is to present the Essential information concerning plant reproduction in a compact, readily accessible form which leads itself to Student learning and revision. The convergence of various approaches has generated a rich panorama of detail, the significance of which we are still attempting to unravel.